What are the "Eras" of the Spaghetti Western Genre?

Greetings, I was looking to educate myself more on the “eras” of the Spaghetti Western genre. What they were, when they were, what defines them, and so on. I also thought that it might make for an interesting topic of discussion.

Two eras that I’m somewhat familiar with would be the “Twilight Era” and the “Comedy Era.” If I’m understanding correctly, Twilight Westerns are set during the end of the Wild West, the point where it was being uprooted by the introduction of advancing technology and innovation, the presence of motor vehicles can be seen as symbolic of this transition. Notable examples of this era would be Sergio Leone’s “Once Upon a Time in the West” and “Duck, You Sucker.” I’m not sure if the “The Great Silence” would also fall into this category, but its finale does result in the abolishment of bounty hunting which could be seen as reflective of the era coming to its end. I’m also not sure if it would be considered a proper defining characteristic of the era, but these films often seem to be more cynical and deconstructive of the genre as a whole.

The Comedy Era is the most straightforward, the Wild West setting is more of a backdrop for silly antics and the tropes associated with the genre are the subject of parody. They Call Me Trinity is probably the most famous example of this, but films like Rita of the West would also fall into this category. My Name Is Nobody is an interesting case because while it clearly a comedy, it’s also contains aspects of a Twilight Western, putting it somewhere between the two. Does a name for more standard Spaghetti Western exist? Perhaps something like the “Golden Era” in reference to when the genre was at its peak in popularity, or films that depicted a more idealized image of the Wild West?

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Usually when we are talking about twilight era spaghetti westerns we are referring to the end of the spaghetti western cycle not films about the end of the (historical) Wild West. Films like Keoma, Mannaja, Four of the Apocalypse and California.

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“Pre-Leone” or “Pre-Fistful of Dollars” is often used term for the first era of spaghetti westerns.

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Hallo,

kleine Literaturempfehlung: Als Beilage zum Buch “Dreckige Spaghetti” von Uwe Killing (ISBN: 978-3854453826) befindet sich ein Poster mit dem Titel “Die Blüte des Italo-Western”. Auf diesem Poster sind die wichtigsten Beiträge des Genres hinsichtlich ihrer zeitlichen Entstehung und einer vom Autor vorgenommenen Kategorisierung eingeordnet. Aus urheberrechtlichen Gründen verzichte ich auf ein Foto, denke, dass es deiner Recherche aber durchaus dienlich sein könnte. Viel Erfolg bei der Recherche und teile gerne deine Ergebnisse.

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The way I see it looks like this (someone correct me if I’m wrong):

  • Late 1950s / Early 1960s = Pre-Leone era
  • Mid 1960s / Late 1960s = Heyday of Spaghetti Western
  • Late 1960s / Early 1970s = Zapata Western
  • Early 1970s = Comedy Spaghetti Western
  • Mid 1970s / Late 1970s = Twilight Spaghetti Western
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I agree with most of the posters here, but I’ll put in my two cents for fun

Late 1950’s to 1964 - Pre-Leone Era

1964 to 1969 - The Golden Age

1969 to 1972 - The Zapata Western Period

1972 t0 1975 - The Comedy Period

1975 to 1978 - The Twilight Western Saga

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I see, thank you for the correction.

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That books sounds quite interesting, but unfortunately there doesn’t appear to be an English printing of it, so I wouldn’t be able to read it.

Interesting, it would seem that there are a couple more eras than I thought there were. Could you possibly tell me a bit about each one? I’ve never even heard of the term “Zapata Westerns” before, but according to the database it apparently refers to Spaghetti Western set during the Mexican Revolution like “Duck, You Sucker.”

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@RosenkreutzXIII Sure, I’ll tell you shortly about each era
Pre-Leone Spaghetti Westerns were made before A Fistful of Dollars and are American in their style. This means that the typical characteristics associated with Spaghetti Western didn’t really exist yet, as they became a thing after Leone’s Dollars Trilogy.
The Heyday of Spaghetti Western refers to when the genre was at its strongest. This is when characters like Django, Ringo and Sartana were born.
As mentioned already, Zapata Westerns refer to Spaghs taking place during the Mexican Revolution.
Comedy Spaghetti Westerns contain tons of slapstick and aren’t very popular here at the forum. Many of them are low effort, filmed in a hurry because the people involved in filming wanted money, lol. Some even say that Comedy Westerns are what killed Spaghetti Western.
Twilight Spaghetti Westerns are these gloomy and depressing westerns. When they were filmed, it was already known that the genre is dying and these would be the last Spaghetti Westerns.

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Maybe “post-spaghetti western” could be one? For those few films made from 80’s onwards, such as Comin’ At Ya, Jonathan of the Bears, Botte di natale.

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Yeah, that’s a good call Bill.

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It was a very short time, when they made good spaghetti-westerns. If you look at to the top 20 of the films, there are 16 “heyday" films and 4 “Zapata” westerns.

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Ja, das Buch ist auf deutsch. Im Buch selbst geht allerdings nicht um die einzelnen Phasen des Genres. Allerdings gibt die angesprochene Beilage als Poster (ca. DIN A1 Format) einen sehr guten Überblick der wichtigsten Filmbeiträge über Strömungen und deren ungefähre zeitliche Einordnung.

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Mit den ersten beiden Phasen des Spaghetti Western (Vor-Leone-Ära und Blütezeit) gehe ich mit und auch bei der letzten Phase (Twilight) kann ich mich anschließen. Was die Zapata-Phase und die Komödien-Phase angeht, so muss ich allerdings widersprechen. Mit Töte Amigo (Quién Sabe?) ist bereits 1966 ein Meilenstein des Revolutionswestern erschienen und damit deutlich vor der angegebenen Zapata-Phase (Ende der 1960er bis Anfang der 1970er Jahre). Zudem legt die o.g. Einteilung nahe, dass es Anfang der 1970er Jahre bis Mitte der 1970er entweder Zapata-Western oder Western-Komödien im Italowestern gab. Das mag zwar auf viele der in dieser Zeit entstandenen Genrebeiträge zutreffen, aber eben nicht auf alle bedeutenden Filme. Blindman ist beispielsweise 1971 entstanden und zählt weder zum Zapata-Western noch zur Western-Komödie.

Sinnvoller erscheint mir zumindest in zeitlicher Hinsicht die Einteilung in eine

- Frühphase (Anfang der 1960er bis Mitte der 1960er Jahre)

- Hauptphase (Mitte der 1960er bis Ende der 1960er Jahre)

-Spätphase (ab Anfang der 1970er Jahre)

Eine Einteilung nach Motiven (z.B. Revolution) und Stilrichtungen (z.B. Komödien) ist natürlich möglich, allerdings meiner Ansicht nach nur mit Unschärfe in Kombination mit den drei Hauptphasen ohne zeitliche Überschneidungen.

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Thank you so much for the explanation, regarding Comedy Spaghetti Westerns, are there any notable exceptions to their generally low quality? I know that at least “They Call Me Trinity” and “My Name is Nobody” seem to be remembered fondly, although I’m not sure if that’s also the case here on the forum. While I wouldn’t put them on the same pedestal as entries from the genre’s heyday, I wouldn’t say that all comedy westerns are without merit. Does Sabata also fall under the comedy era? It’s very over the top by the genre’s standards, but I’d be lying if I said I didn’t love it for that.

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@Talby_Baker Du hast das richtig, dass die Epochen sich überlappen können. Ich habe das nicht erwähnt.

@RosenkreutzXIII There are so many bad comedy westerns out there. A couple that come to mind are Roy Colt & Winchester Jack and Dallas. About the Sabata, I’m not sure. Could someone else answer that question, please?

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I agree with a lot of the previous posts.

I don’t think anyone mentioned this, but I’d say the first three Leone films basically spawned eras.

After “Fistful” there is a frenzy of movies about poncho-clad bounty hunters and gang rivalry.

After “For a Few Dollars More” there is a small but above-average spat of mentorship films. This spawned less of an era, but inspired higher quality films in my opinion. (“Day of Anger”, “In a Colt’s Shadow”, “Death Rides a Horse”, “They Call Him Cemetery”, “Django the Last Killer”, etc.)

And after "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly” there are tons of gold hunt films with double-crossing partners, so that’s a little era perhaps.

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For me I’d say maybe Return of Sabata maybe puts it’s foot over the line into comedy but I wouldn’t class it in the same genre as say the Trinity films etc. I’d say a lot of the full comedy spaghettis rely on lots of slapstick and having lots of stupid characters. Return of Sabata has a few silly moments but it still has a mostly serious plot and characters for the most part.

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For comedy westerns you should differentiate between films which are at first westerns and those which are at first comedies.

The Trinity films are comedies set in a western surrounding. I view them as comedies with western elements. Famous films belonging to this kind of films are Blazing Saddles (Mel Brooks), Go West (Buster Keaton) or A Million Ways to Die in the West (seth McFarlane). Mostly these films are parodying typical western cliches.

But there are also westerns with comedy elements like Train to Durango or They Call Me Halleluja, which are blending comedy elements in a normal western story.

Carnimeo started with normal westerns (The Moment to Kill) and ended with pure comedies (the Tresette films). I think his westerns are at first westerns up to They Call Me Holy Ghost and his next film The Return of Halleluja is then at first a comedy.

My Name Is Nobody is surely a tricky film for this definition, as there are some parts which are pure slapstick, while other parts are straight western stuff. A western for me.

I don’t think that Zapata films or SW comedies were a SW phase, they were part of different phases, but more prominent in the later phase.

I see the following eras:

Up to 1964: Early Italian westerns, which were naive imitations of simple US B-westerns.

1964 - 1966: Early SWs influenced by the FoD success, with increasing violence, but still often not feeling like “real” SWs.

1966 - 1969: The classic phase starting with the release of Django and GBU. Now the SW is “the” SW in feel and look, in story and style.

After 1970: The SW declines with nothing new to offer, and comedies take over the box office. The tongue in cheek style dominates.

1975 - 1978: A few mostly tired attempts to make a last “serious” western, which are called twilight westerns for various reasons.

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